(Review Article) Vol 8-2026-18-21

Journal: i TECH MAG (Review Article)
Author: Ahmed Adeyekun, Justice William
DOI: 10.26480/itechmag.08.2026.18.21

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This review aims to critically examine perspectives on the impact of geological features and processes on the health of ecosystems and biodiversity in general. This is owing to the contextual evidence presented by several researchers that there is a significant correlation between geological features and the interactions and processes within ecological systems. To achieve this aim, the review seeks to answer some scholarly questions which are: how geological features influence the richness and distribution of species, how ecosystem processes are improved by geological features, and ways in which geological features serve as indicators of ecosystem and biodiversity health. The methodology adopted for this study was the desk research method, particularly the narrative review. Through this method, a total of 40 studies were identified from relevant databases. However, about 25 studies were finally selected for this narrative review. The studies reviewed unanimously examined ways through which geological features like landforms, tectonic and geomorphological barriers, and rock formations have significantly impacted species richness and distribution as well as ecosystem processes. The literature also indicates how these geological features reflect on the health of ecosystems. Finally, the study recommends that global environmental management experts and geoecologists should integrate geological knowledge into ecosystem management strides for improved outcomes. Specifically, this review proposes the adoption of GIS and remote sensing technologies, sensor systems and the innovation of soil spectroscopy to advance ecosystem management.